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The article focuses on the theory and practical use of forensic expertise, especially in the context of the experts probabilistic conclusions in criminal proceedings. The key question of forensic identification often involves the assessment of the probability of different versions, while the expert is obliged to express his subjective view of the problem being solved. Probabilistic representation is essential in object identification and investigations where certain versions need to be supported or refuted. Probabilistic expression is often a necessary step in forensic investigation, as scientific knowledge cannot always be reduced to an unequivocal „yes“ or „no“. The expert should not be forced to draw definite conclusions if partial solutions are available that have probative value. In cases where the interpretation of the facts requires special knowledge, the expert is obliged to state with what degree of probability the question posed can be answered.