The aim of this article is to do theoretical research of key aspects of the relationship of private and public sector in health care and discuss the allocation schemes used in this context. Used methods include secondary analysis of key documents of health policy, theoretical socio-economic analysis of health policy and empirical analysis of selected problems in Czech health care system. Findings contained in the article are described principles of behavior of private and public subjects, which are relevant to current questions raised during the reform of health care in the Czech Republic. From the analysis, also outcomes the relationship between public and private partners, especially in the case when the government would like to keep health care system guaranteed. In addition, the presence of defined model of health care financing and provision is justified. As an empirical example, the development in Czech hospital sector is assessed.