The article describes the crux of an odorological trace as a material criminalistics trace. The authors are trying to specify theoretically, for what reason the method of odorological expertise (or the method of scent identification) is included among criminalistics technique within criminalistics science, and in particular, if all conditions are criteria for its use as a method for identification of persons are fulfilled. I accentuate that an odorological trace is of material character. Examination of odorological traces is currently possible with exact methods using instruments of analytical chemistry, and it is quite clear the decoding information from odorological traces is possible by using various instruments, chemical methods and scientifically justified approaches.