This paper deals with fiscal dimensions of health policy. It performs analysis of macroeconomic factors that affect healthcare spending, and analyzes how the health budget is filled in. It shows three basic methods that can be traced in this context: direct budget financing, independent institutional structure with a defined volume of public resources and private insurance schemes with government regulation and support. This is done in an environment where health spending is growing both absolutely and relatively. At the same time it takes into account the socioeconomic characteristics of health care that affect the behavior of individual actors in the health system. Specifically the situation in Czechia has been assessed and the schemes of Czech health care financing were analyzed, with focus on the state insured persons social group.