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The paper deals with possible introduction of compulsory two-component health insurance in Czechia. Although it exists in the Netherlands in pure form, even there it does not have conclusive results, comes from different health policy and historical background, and the health expenditure has increased since it was introduced. The aim of this paper is to show the main socioeconomic properties of compulsory two-component health insurance system as it appeared in the Netherlands, classify it and then discuss them according to the Czech environment and Czech health policy goals. Nowhere in the world, the health system works without problems, it is necessary to use the international experience, but we must be careful if we think about transferring them to local conditions. After comparative and socioeconomic analysis, we suggest different approach for Czechia, based on universally available standard financed from earmarked proportional taxation and strictly voluntary prepaid programmes.