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Egypt has one of the longest continuous histories of any country in the world. Like the history of other countries whose rivers have been rivers - China's Yangtze, India's Indus or the Ganges, or the Iraqi Euphrates with the Tigris - its history dates back to the very threshold of human civilization. Like China, India and Iraqi Mesopotamia, the country where the script was created was a way of visually capturing the spoken word - hieroglyphic. Its natural conditions - the regular Nile floods bringing fertile soil - enabled the growth of the population, the development of agriculture and laid the foundations of the economic and social organization, the state. However, this success has made Egypt a country whose control and use has been replaced by a number of foreign invaders from near and far, from Africa, Asia and Europe. The new era of Egyptian history was opened by the invasion of Muslim Arabs, who brought their language and religion to Egypt and connected it permanently and very closely with the surrounding Muslim-Arab world in East Asia and North Africa. The book is divided into four sections devoted to the main historical epochs of Egyptian history - Egypt in antiquity, Egypt in the Arab-Muslim Middle Ages and Egypt during colonial rule and after independence. Three authors from the Faculty of Arts of Charles University, experts on the mentioned periods of Egyptian history, took on the task.