The book analyzes the support of regional development in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in various periods, including the development of views on the economic and social phenomenon of modern times. In addition to the relevant legislation, attention is paid to the material aspects of supporting the development of regions and their regional differentiation. The aim of the publication is to map in the historical context the issue of support for regions in Czechoslovakia and since 1993 in the Czech Republic, as it was included in the legislation and practically implemented, always in the broader political climate of the time. The monograph follows the area of regional policy support in four basic periods: Czechoslovakia in the years 1918–1938, the period of post-war reconstruction (1945–1948), the 1950s and 1980s (1948-1989), the period from the 1990s until the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union (1990–2004). For the first time, readers from the professional public and other interested parties have the opportunity to become comprehensively acquainted with the genesis of the issue of support for regional development by the state, territorial self-governing units and supranational structures.