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Since the shift to market economy in 1990s, the issue of health care standard setting has emerged in Czechia. While many attempts were tried to set the standard of care “right”, they never fully succeeded, causing many controversies. It seems this issue needs to utilize another approach to move on and improve. This defines this paper’s scope, which addresses the universal and optional part of health system, treating them as general categories and discussing their construction and financing principles. It performs theoretical analysis and synthesis, utilizes egalitarian and liberal approach to health care and depicts the character of both parts on theoretical level. Also, it tackles the problem of discrepancy between the ideal and real content of the universal part. The actual empirical setting of main financing schemes in OECD countries is shown. The results have got theoretical value by themselves and can help to overcome the problems of “standard and above-standard” care in Czechia.