Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
strategie, fluktuace, zamestnanci, konkurenceschopnost, obchodni partner, rizeni lidskych zdroju, hr procesy, rozvoj, talentKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
1001.
Vojtíšek, Michal
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti podniku pomocí nástrojů komunikačního mixu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti podniku pomocí nástrojů komunikačního mixu | Theses on a related topic
1002.
Vojtíšek, Michal
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Mediální plánování malých a středních podniků
Master's thesis defence: Mediální plánování malých a středních podniků | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Mediální plánování malých a středních podniků
Master's thesis defence: Mediální plánování malých a středních podniků | Theses on a related topic
1003.
Vokounová, Kateřina
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Company Finance)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vzdělávání a rozvoj pracovníků ve společnosti OLHO - Technik Czech s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Company Finance)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vzdělávání a rozvoj pracovníků ve společnosti OLHO - Technik Czech s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
1004.
Volf, Marek
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Založení a fungování logistického podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Založení a fungování logistického podniku | Theses on a related topic
1005.
Vondráček, Miloš
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Company Finance)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Outsourcing jako výhoda? | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Company Finance)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Outsourcing jako výhoda? | Theses on a related topic
1006.
Vosáhlo, Jakub
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Business / Law and Business
Master's thesis defence: Implementace systému odměňování ve vybrané organizaci: spravedlnost odměňování a rozvoj zaměstnanců | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Law and Business / Law and Business
Master's thesis defence: Implementace systému odměňování ve vybrané organizaci: spravedlnost odměňování a rozvoj zaměstnanců | Theses on a related topic
1007.
Vošahlík, Daniel
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Řízení nástupnické strategie v rodinném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Řízení nástupnické strategie v rodinném podniku | Theses on a related topic
1008.
Votava, Tomáš
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace strategie řízení podniku na Armádu České republiky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace strategie řízení podniku na Armádu České republiky | Theses on a related topic
1009.
Vrána, Tomáš
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv makroekonomických ukazatelů na firemní rozhodování | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv makroekonomických ukazatelů na firemní rozhodování | Theses on a related topic
1010.
Vrzalová, Eliška
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: DHL Express a celosvětová hospodářská krize | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: DHL Express a celosvětová hospodářská krize | Theses on a related topic
1011.
Vu, Ngoc Tram
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Řízení motivace a její význam pro pracovní výkonnost zaměstnanců v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Řízení motivace a její význam pro pracovní výkonnost zaměstnanců v podniku | Theses on a related topic
1012.
Vyšata, Martin
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza výkonnosti strategického plánu organizace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Analýza výkonnosti strategického plánu organizace | Theses on a related topic
1013.
Vyšatová, Lucie
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Řízení lidských zdrojů v multikulturním prostředí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Řízení lidských zdrojů v multikulturním prostředí | Theses on a related topic
1014.
Wald, Ondřej
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Společenská odpovědnost firem jako konkurenční výhoda malých a středních podniků | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Společenská odpovědnost firem jako konkurenční výhoda malých a středních podniků | Theses on a related topic
1015.
Weinhauerová, Barbora
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace Balanced Scorecard v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace Balanced Scorecard v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace Balanced Scorecard v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace Balanced Scorecard v podniku | Theses on a related topic
1016.
Weisová, Milada
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Marketing Communication / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Význam a role loga v marketingové komunikaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2022, studies completed, degree conferred: Mgr.
Programme/field: Marketing Communication / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Význam a role loga v marketingové komunikaci | Theses on a related topic
1017.
Yusupova, Dinara
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Optimalizace marketingového mixu s využitím teorie her | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Optimalizace marketingového mixu s využitím teorie her | Theses on a related topic
1018.
Zábrodská, Lenka maiden name: Mrázková
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Společenská odpovědnost firem a její uplatňování v České republice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Společenská odpovědnost firem a její uplatňování v České republice | Theses on a related topic
1019.
Zahálková, Tereza
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Nástroje identifikace tréninkových a vzdělávacích potřeb zaměstnanců | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Nástroje identifikace tréninkových a vzdělávacích potřeb zaměstnanců | Theses on a related topic
1020.
Zahradníková, Klára
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Pracovní výkon a motivace obchodních zástupců | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Pracovní výkon a motivace obchodních zástupců | Theses on a related topic
1021.
Zajícová, Eva
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Řízení lidských zdrojů ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Řízení lidských zdrojů ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
1022.
Zalabák, Aleš
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingové kampaně pro společnost xy a měření její efektivity | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Tvorba marketingové kampaně pro společnost xy a měření její efektivity | Theses on a related topic
1023.
Závětová, Zuzana maiden name: Zourková
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Specifika řízení rodinné firmy a jejich uplatnění v praxi | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Specifika řízení rodinné firmy a jejich uplatnění v praxi | Theses on a related topic
1024.
Zeithamlová, Kateřina
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vybrané aspekty hodnocení efektů majetkové transformace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vybrané aspekty hodnocení efektů majetkové transformace | Theses on a related topic
1025.
Zeithammerová, Jana
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Inovace - nástroj konkurenceschopnosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Inovace - nástroj konkurenceschopnosti | Theses on a related topic
1026.
Zelenková, Barbora
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Dlouhodobé marketingové plány podniků | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Dlouhodobé marketingové plány podniků | Theses on a related topic
1027.
Zemanová, Radka maiden name: Rejčová
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Implementace principů společensky odpovědné firmy do společnosti Plzeňský Prazdroj, a.s. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Implementace principů společensky odpovědné firmy do společnosti Plzeňský Prazdroj, a.s. | Theses on a related topic
1028.
Zhao, Chunyi
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance & Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Bachelor's thesis defence: Corporate Social Responsibility in a concrete firm | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance & Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Bachelor's thesis defence: Corporate Social Responsibility in a concrete firm | Theses on a related topic
1029.
Zhylinkov, Oleksiy
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace teorie her v podnikové praxi | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Aplikace teorie her v podnikové praxi | Theses on a related topic
1030.
Zika, Miroslav
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro rozšíření aktivit rodinného podniku Patisserie na Staráku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský plán pro rozšíření aktivit rodinného podniku Patisserie na Staráku | Theses on a related topic
1031.
Zikmundová, Tereza
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Strategické řízení společnosti Ideal Standard s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Strategické řízení společnosti Ideal Standard s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
1032.
Zíková, Radka
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Marketingová situační analýza hotelu Betlem Club | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Marketingová situační analýza hotelu Betlem Club | Theses on a related topic
1033.
Zlatohlávek, Martin
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Účetnictví a audit)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Dopady asijské konkurence na české firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Účetnictví a audit)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Dopady asijské konkurence na české firmy | Theses on a related topic
1034.
Zmeškal, Lukáš
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Efektivnost firmy z pohledu prodeje a marketingu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Efektivnost firmy z pohledu prodeje a marketingu | Theses on a related topic
1035.
Zoubek, Zdeněk
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2017, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Eliminace nákladů a zvýšení výkonnosti firmy formou homeworkingu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2017, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Eliminace nákladů a zvýšení výkonnosti firmy formou homeworkingu | Theses on a related topic
1036.
Zouvala, Petr
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Využití metod projektového managementu pro řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Využití metod projektového managementu pro řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
1037.
Želinská, Michaela
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Systém hodnocení pracovního výkonu zaměstnanců jako nástroj motivace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Systém hodnocení pracovního výkonu zaměstnanců jako nástroj motivace | Theses on a related topic
1038.
Žídek, Jan
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Teorie her a optimální rozhodování | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Teorie her a optimální rozhodování | Theses on a related topic
1039.
Žídková, Eva
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Mediarelations)
Master's thesis defence: Úloha lidského faktoru v marketingovém řízení podnikatelského subjektu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Mediarelations)
Master's thesis defence: Úloha lidského faktoru v marketingovém řízení podnikatelského subjektu | Theses on a related topic
1040.
Živická, Terézia
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Stanovení strategie podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Stanovení strategie podniku | Theses on a related topic
1041.
Žumár, Peter
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Vliv mezigenerační spolupráce na úspěch podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Master's thesis defence: Vliv mezigenerační spolupráce na úspěch podniku | Theses on a related topic