Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
rating, bonitni modely, creditworthiness, financial health, big three, rating methodology, mood?s, bonita, financni zdravi, creditworthiness models, mood's, velka trojka, metodologie ratingu, ratingove hodnoceniKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
201.
Součková, Šárka maiden name: Liebezeitová
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Mezipodnikové srovnání společnosti na bázi finančních výkazů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Mezipodnikové srovnání společnosti na bázi finančních výkazů | Theses on a related topic
202.
Sozanská, Nikola
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení finančního zdraví a jeho význam pro řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení finančního zdraví a jeho význam pro řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
203.
Spoustová Raadová, Zuzana
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Finanční stabilita a výkonnost firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Finanční stabilita a výkonnost firmy | Theses on a related topic
204.
Stanislav, Ondřej
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services (combination/specialization: Banking)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza českého trhu dluhopisů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services (combination/specialization: Banking)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza českého trhu dluhopisů | Theses on a related topic
205.
Starova, Daria
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení finančního zdraví a jeho význam pro řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vyhodnocení finančního zdraví a jeho význam pro řízení podniku | Theses on a related topic
206.
Stavrovská, Nela
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Řízení pohledávek ve firmě COMEFLEX consulting s. r. o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Řízení pohledávek ve firmě COMEFLEX consulting s. r. o. | Theses on a related topic
207.
Stöckbauer, Michal
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Vývoj využití faktoringového finacování v ČR | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Vývoj využití faktoringového finacování v ČR | Theses on a related topic
208.
Stupková, Michaela
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj spotřebních úvěrů v ČR | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj spotřebních úvěrů v ČR | Theses on a related topic
209.
Stupková, Michaela
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Master's thesis defence: Formy projevu a důsledky současné finanční krize pro vývoj hypotečních trhů v ČR | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Master's thesis defence: Formy projevu a důsledky současné finanční krize pro vývoj hypotečních trhů v ČR | Theses on a related topic
210.
Svoboda, Václav
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Mezipodnikové srovnání podniků na základě výročních zpráv | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Mezipodnikové srovnání podniků na základě výročních zpráv | Theses on a related topic
211.
Svobodová, Denisa
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv ekonomické krize na finanční zdraví firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv ekonomické krize na finanční zdraví firmy | Theses on a related topic
212.
Šebková, Lucie
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Komparace hypotečních úvěrů u vybraných bank | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Komparace hypotečních úvěrů u vybraných bank | Theses on a related topic
213.
Šimsa, Vojtěch
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Finanční stabilita firmy v podmínkách pandemie Covid-19 | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2023, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Economics and Management
Bachelor's thesis defence: Finanční stabilita firmy v podmínkách pandemie Covid-19 | Theses on a related topic
214.
Šomšák, Radoslav
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Corporate Management)
Master's thesis defence: Bankrot - analýza řízených bankrotů a problematika "bílých koní" | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Corporate Management)
Master's thesis defence: Bankrot - analýza řízených bankrotů a problematika "bílých koní" | Theses on a related topic
215.
Šour, Milan
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Banking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Metody, vyhodnocování a kvantifikace kreditních rizik | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Banking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Metody, vyhodnocování a kvantifikace kreditních rizik | Theses on a related topic
216.
Šťáhlavský, Radek
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení finančního zdraví společnosti Univers Tech s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Zhodnocení finančního zdraví společnosti Univers Tech s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
217.
Štruncová, Ivana
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Hodnocení finanční situace subjektu veřejného sektoru | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Hodnocení finanční situace subjektu veřejného sektoru | Theses on a related topic
218.
Šumná, Petra maiden name: Eichlová
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance
Doctoral thesis defence: Teorie a praxe řízení úvěrového rizika v bankách | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ph.D.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance
Doctoral thesis defence: Teorie a praxe řízení úvěrového rizika v bankách | Theses on a related topic
219.
Švecová, Soňa
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Corporate Management)
Master's thesis defence: Měření a hodnocení finanční stability a výkonnosti společnosti Regia Vet s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Corporate Management)
Master's thesis defence: Měření a hodnocení finanční stability a výkonnosti společnosti Regia Vet s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
220.
Švejdová, Tereza maiden name: Reichardtová
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Master's thesis defence: Modely řízení rizik v bankách | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Master's thesis defence: Modely řízení rizik v bankách | Theses on a related topic
221.
Terenteva, Anastasia
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Cash-flow společnosti a jeho vypovídací schopnost | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Cash-flow společnosti a jeho vypovídací schopnost | Theses on a related topic
222.
Tesárková, Dana
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Měření a hodnocení finanční stability a výkonnosti firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Měření a hodnocení finanční stability a výkonnosti firmy | Theses on a related topic
223.
Timofeeva, Elena
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Finanční situace a výkonnost podniku v podmínkách oživení ekonomiky posledních let | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Finanční situace a výkonnost podniku v podmínkách oživení ekonomiky posledních let | Theses on a related topic
224.
Turková, Ivana maiden name: Peterková
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Finanční analýzou k predikci úpadku podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Finanční analýzou k predikci úpadku podniku | Theses on a related topic
225.
Unruh, Richard
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Product placement jako nová forma komerční komunikace | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Product placement jako nová forma komerční komunikace | Theses on a related topic
226.
Vágner, Ondřej
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Ozdravná opatření v podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Ozdravná opatření v podniku | Theses on a related topic
227.
Vajdová, Lucie
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Silné a slabé stránky v personální práci ve firmě | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Silné a slabé stránky v personální práci ve firmě | Theses on a related topic
228.
Vavrušková, Veronika
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Porovnání hypotečních úvěrů a úvěrů ze stavebního spoření | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Porovnání hypotečních úvěrů a úvěrů ze stavebního spoření | Theses on a related topic
229.
Veverková, Petra
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Účetnictví a audit)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozbor finanční situace společnosti V.D.V. s.r.o. za pomoci metod finanční analýzy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Účetnictví a audit)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozbor finanční situace společnosti V.D.V. s.r.o. za pomoci metod finanční analýzy | Theses on a related topic
230.
Vimrová, Lucie
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr firmy se stavebním materiálem | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr firmy se stavebním materiálem | Theses on a related topic
231.
Vlach, Martin
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Měření sledovanosti médií | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Měření sledovanosti médií | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Měření sledovanosti médií | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Měření sledovanosti médií | Theses on a related topic
232.
Vodičková, Zita
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Master's thesis defence: Problematika financování projektů v oblasti obnovitelných zdrojů energie | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Master's thesis defence: Problematika financování projektů v oblasti obnovitelných zdrojů energie | Theses on a related topic
233.
Zapletal, Martin
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Dotace z fondů Evropské unie | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Dotace z fondů Evropské unie | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Měření a hodnocení finanční stability a výkonnosti stavební firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Dotace z fondů Evropské unie | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Dotace z fondů Evropské unie | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Měření a hodnocení finanční stability a výkonnosti stavební firmy | Theses on a related topic
234.
Zapletalová, Veronika
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Účetnictví a audit)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozbor a hodnocení finanční situace firmy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Účetnictví a audit)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Rozbor a hodnocení finanční situace firmy | Theses on a related topic
235.
Zaremba, Alexander
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Nástroje řízení kariéry ve střední organizaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Business Management)
Master's thesis defence: Nástroje řízení kariéry ve střední organizaci | Theses on a related topic
236.
Zelenka, Jan
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Finanční analýza jako jeden z významných podkladů pro stanovení ratingu společnosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Finanční analýza jako jeden z významných podkladů pro stanovení ratingu společnosti | Theses on a related topic
237.
Zelo, Ondřej
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Banking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Úloha rizikových dluhopisů v investičním portfoliu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Banking
Bachelor's thesis defence: Úloha rizikových dluhopisů v investičním portfoliu | Theses on a related topic
238.
Zeman, Radek
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Company Finance)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Bankrotní a bonitní modely při hodnocení podniku PD Refractories a.s. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Company Finance)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Bankrotní a bonitní modely při hodnocení podniku PD Refractories a.s. | Theses on a related topic
239.
Zieminská, Lada
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Management pohledávek z pozice bank | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Management pohledávek z pozice bank | Theses on a related topic
240.
Ziková, Lenka
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Control and Audit, Control and Audit, Control and Audit)
Master's thesis defence: Mezipodnikové srovnání společností na bázi finanční analýzy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Control and Audit, Control and Audit, Control and Audit)
Master's thesis defence: Mezipodnikové srovnání společností na bázi finanční analýzy | Theses on a related topic
241.
Zilotova, Maria
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Bankrotní a bonitní modely při hodnocení finanční situace podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Bankrotní a bonitní modely při hodnocení finanční situace podniku | Theses on a related topic