Theses on a related topic (having the same keywords):
marketingovy mix, marketingova strategie, questioning., silne stranky, slabe stranky, dotazovani. marketing, marketing strategy, strengths, propagace, swot analyza, weaknesses, hrozby, marketing mix, promotion, threats, conception of marketing, marketing, koncepce marketingu, cena, price, swot analysis, prilezitosti, opportunitiesKeywords ordered alphabetically | Keywords ordered by occurrence rate
3251.
Zavoral, Tomáš
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza partnerského věrnostního programu organizace Telefónica O2 | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza partnerského věrnostního programu organizace Telefónica O2 | Theses on a related topic
3252.
Zavoral, Tomáš
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Marketingová komunikace jako nástroj řízení spotřebního chování lidí | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Marketingová komunikace jako nástroj řízení spotřebního chování lidí | Theses on a related topic
3253.
Zavřelová, Olga
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr převedení výroby do sesterské společnosti | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Podnikatelský záměr převedení výroby do sesterské společnosti | Theses on a related topic
3254.
Zawallich, Eike
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Branding-its history and new challenges - Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, as an example of development and new challenges in branding | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Branding-its history and new challenges - Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, as an example of development and new challenges in branding | Theses on a related topic
3255.
Zázvorka, Adam
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Prostředky marketingové komunikace pro vybranou cílovou skupinu – senioři | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Prostředky marketingové komunikace pro vybranou cílovou skupinu – senioři | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Prostředky marketingové komunikace pro vybranou cílovou skupinu – senioři | Theses on a related topic
Bachelor's thesis defence: Prostředky marketingové komunikace pro vybranou cílovou skupinu – senioři | Theses on a related topic
3256.
Zázvorková, Aneta
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza etických aspektů v marketingové komunikaci | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2016, studies terminated for failure to fulfill study requirements
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza etických aspektů v marketingové komunikaci | Theses on a related topic
3257.
Zbořilová, Nela
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Marketing Mix in Services | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Marketing Mix in Services | Theses on a related topic
3258.
Zelená, Jana
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza prostředků, technik a efektivnosti vybrané PR kampaně | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2010, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Analýza prostředků, technik a efektivnosti vybrané PR kampaně | Theses on a related topic
3259.
Zelená, Jana
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Výběr média pro komunikační mix | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Výběr média pro komunikační mix | Theses on a related topic
3260.
Zelenka, Jan
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv jednotlivých druhů komunikace/reklamy a komunikačního mixu na specifické cílové skupiny - aplikace na podmínky společnosti Red Bull Česká republika | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Management & Marketing)
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv jednotlivých druhů komunikace/reklamy a komunikačního mixu na specifické cílové skupiny - aplikace na podmínky společnosti Red Bull Česká republika | Theses on a related topic
3261.
Zelenková, Barbora
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Dlouhodobé marketingové plány podniků | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2015, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Dlouhodobé marketingové plány podniků | Theses on a related topic
3262.
Zelenková, Iva maiden name: Krejzová
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Bachelor's thesis defence: Penzijní fondy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2011, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economic Policy and Administration / Finance and Financial Services
Bachelor's thesis defence: Penzijní fondy | Theses on a related topic
3263.
Zeman, Milan
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Řízení obchodu v podniku ČMSS, a.s. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Řízení obchodu v podniku ČMSS, a.s. | Theses on a related topic
3264.
Zemanová, Radka maiden name: Rejčová
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Komunikace jako klíčová aktivita a nástroj rozvoje vztahu. Metody komunikace a sledované cíle. Výzkum spojení komunikace-produkt-konkurenční výhoda-odlišení se-vztah. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2009, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Komunikace jako klíčová aktivita a nástroj rozvoje vztahu. Metody komunikace a sledované cíle. Výzkum spojení komunikace-produkt-konkurenční výhoda-odlišení se-vztah. | Theses on a related topic
3265.
Zhanseitov, Daniyar
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Investiční záměr na založení podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Investiční záměr na založení podniku | Theses on a related topic
3266.
Zharinova, Ganna
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Město a jeho propagace - na příkladu konkrétního sídla | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Město a jeho propagace - na příkladu konkrétního sídla | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Město a jeho propagace - na příkladu konkrétního sídla | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Město a jeho propagace - na příkladu konkrétního sídla | Theses on a related topic
3267.
Zheleznichenko, Valeriya
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication & Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Bachelor's thesis defence: How the PR agency is evolving and what is the future of PR? | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication & Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Bachelor's thesis defence: How the PR agency is evolving and what is the future of PR? | Theses on a related topic
3268.
Zherdetska, Ielyzaveta
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Marketingové výdaje a jejich vliv na velikost obratu (zisku) | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Marketingové výdaje a jejich vliv na velikost obratu (zisku) | Theses on a related topic
3269.
Zhidov, Konstantin
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Magnitude of Corporate Communication with Media | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Magnitude of Corporate Communication with Media | Theses on a related topic
3270.
Zhitnova, Kristina
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Ladislav Sutnar a jeho reklamní tvorba | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Ladislav Sutnar a jeho reklamní tvorba | Theses on a related topic
3271.
Zhumasheva, Gulden
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Role of Logistics in Global Sourcing | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2017, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Role of Logistics in Global Sourcing | Theses on a related topic
3272.
Zhuravlev, Artur
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Transmitting the personal image on corporations, brands and products as a marketing communication tool | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2021, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Transmitting the personal image on corporations, brands and products as a marketing communication tool | Theses on a related topic
3273.
Zikmund, Filip
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Specifika Merchandisingu sportovních klubů | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Specifika Merchandisingu sportovních klubů | Theses on a related topic
3274.
Zimrmanová, Jana
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Nové trendy v marketingové komunikaci VŠFS,o.p.s. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Nové trendy v marketingové komunikaci VŠFS,o.p.s. | Theses on a related topic
3275.
Zmeškal, Lukáš
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Restrukturalizace podniku z pohledu prodeje | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Restrukturalizace podniku z pohledu prodeje | Theses on a related topic
3276.
Zmeškal, Lukáš
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Efektivnost firmy z pohledu prodeje a marketingu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2014, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Efektivnost firmy z pohledu prodeje a marketingu | Theses on a related topic
3277.
Zoubek, Zdeněk
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Mobilní-elektronický marketing jako nástroj konkurenčního boje | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Mobilní-elektronický marketing jako nástroj konkurenčního boje | Theses on a related topic
3278.
Zoubková, Markéta maiden name: Novotná
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Budování globální značky produktu pomocí nástrojů IMK ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Budování globální značky produktu pomocí nástrojů IMK ve vybraném podniku | Theses on a related topic
3279.
Zoulová, Jitka
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Úloha marketingové komunikace v marketingovém řízení města a obce | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication (combination/specialization: Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Úloha marketingové komunikace v marketingovém řízení města a obce | Theses on a related topic
3280.
Zradička, Kristian
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv marketingu na efektivnost E-commerce obchodu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vliv marketingu na efektivnost E-commerce obchodu | Theses on a related topic
3281.
Zralík, Jakub
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Prostředky marketingové komunikace pro vybranou cílovou skupinu - děti a mládež | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2020, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Prostředky marketingové komunikace pro vybranou cílovou skupinu - děti a mládež | Theses on a related topic
3282.
Zrubecká, Alexandra
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Online Marketing in Cosmetics Industry | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Online Marketing in Cosmetics Industry | Theses on a related topic
3283.
Zubok, Anastasiya
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Integrovaná marketingová komunikace organizace X pohybující se v oblasti služeb | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Integrovaná marketingová komunikace VŠFS jako nástroj posílení vztahů se zákazníky | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Integrovaná marketingová komunikace organizace X pohybující se v oblasti služeb | Theses on a related topic
Master's thesis defence: Integrovaná marketingová komunikace VŠFS jako nástroj posílení vztahů se zákazníky | Theses on a related topic
3284.
Zverev, Dmitrii
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj nástrojů audiovizuální reklamy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Vývoj nástrojů audiovizuální reklamy | Theses on a related topic
3285.
Zverková, Michaela
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Audiovizuální virální sdělení, předpoklady jeho komunikační úspěšnosti – výběr kazuistik, analýza obsahu a formy | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Audiovizuální virální sdělení, předpoklady jeho komunikační úspěšnosti – výběr kazuistik, analýza obsahu a formy | Theses on a related topic
3286.
Žákovcová, Barbora
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Činnost neziskových organizací v České republice | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2013, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Bachelor's thesis defence: Činnost neziskových organizací v České republice | Theses on a related topic
3287.
Žán, Filip
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Risk)
Master's thesis defence: Strategický finanční plán | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Finance and Risk)
Master's thesis defence: Strategický finanční plán | Theses on a related topic
3288.
Žemličková, Jana
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Založení podniku - sdružení fyzických osob a jeho pozdější transformace na s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2008, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Master's thesis defence: Založení podniku - sdružení fyzických osob a jeho pozdější transformace na s.r.o. | Theses on a related topic
3289.
Ženíšková, Aneta
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Východiska pro marketingovou kampaň a návrh komunikačního mixu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2019, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Marketing Communication
Master's thesis defence: Východiska pro marketingovou kampaň a návrh komunikačního mixu | Theses on a related topic
3290.
Žitko, Jakub
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Potenciál rozvoje firmy v zahraničním obchodu | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2018, studies completed, degree conferred: Bc.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance
Bachelor's thesis defence: Potenciál rozvoje firmy v zahraničním obchodu | Theses on a related topic
3291.
Živická, Terézia
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Stanovení strategie podniku | Theses on a related topic
Faculty: University of Finance and Administration
Year: 2012, studies completed, degree conferred: Ing.
Programme/field: Economics and Management / Business Management and Corporate Finance (combination/specialization: Trade and Marketing)
Master's thesis defence: Stanovení strategie podniku | Theses on a related topic