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If we want to get oriented in the current breakthrough times, we need support in the new economic theory. Here we call it The Economics of Productive Consumption, which is a logical continuation of the mainstream of economic theory development, the overlap of the basic paradigm developed in neo-classical economics, the theoretical support of the prediction and analysis of the constitution of the productive services sector oriented on the development and preservation of human capital as the dominant economic sector.Similarly to the earlier stages of economic theory development,economics of productive consumption arises by combining stimuli from the field of theory development (in this sense, we are talking about the logical continuation of the development of existing knowledge) and at the same time stimuli from the field of practice (in this sense, we are talking about the historical conditionality of the present knowledge).The main difference between economics of productive consumption and neo-classical economics is as follows: According to neoclassical economics, the consumerfocuses on maximizing his utility in the sense of subjective experience, and consumption has effects only in the form of subjectively perceived experience, while according to the economics of productive consumption the consumption is productive in the sense that the consumer (the economic entity) maximizes the present value of its future income in the long run in accordance with its lifetime strategy.If we look at the different directions that economic theory undergoes today on its neoclassical basis, theinterpretation of preferences on the basis of productive aspects of consumption is a possible continuation that enriches the directions and in which the different directions can interconnect when expressing important questions. The Economics of ProductiveConsumption has its own theoretical apparatus which, in the logic of the development of economic theories, builds on the apparatus of neo-classical economics and other theoretical sources, allowing a very complex expression of economic efficiency.An important tool is the methodology of macroeconomic data analysis, which we have developed and which proved to be effective on the example of the Czech Republic. It has shown that certain shifts in the direction of those forms of consumption that have productive effects occur mainly in the middle-income groups of the population, indicating a combination of productive consumption and vertical mobility. At the same time, shifts towards greater representation of productive components of consumption have been hampered by the various forms of investment in the social position and the undeveloped financial market mechanisms that would open up resources for investment into development human capabilities.Through the theory of cooperative and also following non-cooperative games, concepts of game complexes can be expressed, playing in the field of decision-making on whether a player chooses a strategy of investing in a social position or developing skills. Based on these concepts, it is possible to formulate the parameters of specific non-cooperative games, to show the importance of reforms related to the improvement of financial markets, which create conditions for contracts related to human capital.The theoretical basis of economics of productive consumption extends thepossibilities of mutual enrichment of various social sciences, illustrated by the combination of the sociological and economic view of the various concepts of consumption, respectively, the different types of consumption that different consumers have adopted as their own.