The question posed by the name of the monograph, when and why wealth and poverty becomes a problem and how to solve it,is reworded to the question:Why investment opportunities associated with the acquisition, preservation and use of human capital are not used according to their rate of return.This is the same question (or the same complex of problems and questions related to what is causing the problems and how to solve them) but formulated so that the necessary tools can be used to describe, analyse, and solve the problem. In particular, it is about linking the microeconomic search for optimum to the use of investment opportunities linked to the acquisition, preservation and use of human capital, and Nash's solution to the negotiating problem in the field of cooperative games, enhanced with alternative options (alternatives in relation to improvements compared to the point of non-agreement). On this basis, the phenomenon of investing in a social position or point of positional investment is identified, which plays a decisive role in the emergence ofproblems that depend on the division of society amongst the richer and the poorer citizen.